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Jangan Abaikan Jika Anak Mengalami 15 Simptom Ini Yang Merupakan Tanda-Tanda Awal Kanser Pada Kanak-Kanak

Kalau orang dewasa yang jatuh sakit, seperti ibu bapa kita sendiri, ia pasti akan memberi kebimbangan kepada kita, risau jika ada sesuatu yang serius berlaku kepada mereka. Begitu juga dengan anak-anak, sekiranya mereka sakit kita mesti ingin merujuk kepada doktor untuk dapatkan rawatan.

Namun begitu, mungkin ada ketikanya kita lihat sakit yang anak-anak hadapi seperti tidak ada apa yang serius, dan hanya beri rawatan awal sahaja, dengan ubat-ubat yang ada di rumah.

Tapi, tidak semua petanda sakit yang diberikan hanyalah sakit biasa, ia mungkin boleh membawa kepada sesuatu yang lebih besar, seperti kanser.

Untuk itu, ini adalah 15 tanda-tanda kanser pada kanak-kanak yang tidak harus diabaikan oleh ibu bapa, hasil perkongsian dari laman The Asian Parent.

1. Hidung kerap berdarah

Oleh sebab saluran darah kecil di bahagian hadapan hidung kanak-kanak, ia boleh menyebabkan mereka alami hidung berdarah, tapi ia akan semakin menebal selepas baligh.

Namun begitu, sekiranya perkara ini (hidung berdarah) kerap berlaku, sehinggga 4 atau 5 kali sebulan, ia mungkin amaran bagi kanser.

Hidung yang kerap dan secara berterusan berdarah adalah gejala bagi Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut (LLA), menurut dari Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan di Singapura, yang mana ia adalah sejenis kanser biasa ditemui pada kanak-kanak.

2. Kudis yang sukar sembuh

Bagi kanak-kanak yang aktif bermain, mereka mungkin akan berdepan dengan luka akibat dari aktiviti lasak tersebut. Tapi, sekiranya kudis yang ada pada kanak-kanak, dan ianya kelihatan tidak sembuh atau berpanjang, ia harus diberi perhatian.

Ibu bapa harus mengambil tindakan dengan segera, sekiranya kudis ini ada di mana-mana bahagian badan yang sukar untuk sembuh seperti, di atas kulit, kemaluan (zakar atau faraj), atau rongga mulut.

3. Kelenjar nodus limfa membesar

Ia mungkin tidak memberikan rasa sakit, tapi sekiranya semakin membesar, boleh menjadi tanda bagi penyakit limfoma non-hodgkin.

Gejala yang boleh dilihat adalah bengkak pada bahagian leher, ketiak, pangkal paha, dada dan abdomen, di semua bahagian terletaknya kalenjar nodus limfa.

Ianya mudah dilihat atau dirasa seperti ketulan di bawah kulit, bagi nodus limfa yang berhampiran dengan permukaan kulit seperti, di tepi leher, di pangkal paha, ketiak atau bahagian atas tulang selangka

Limforma adalah disebabkan oleh tumor yang bermula dalam kalenjar limfa.

4. Berat badan turun dan tak dapat dijelaskan sebabnya

Kanak-kanak boleh turun berat badan kalau tak ambil jumlah kalori yang cukup atau membakar lebih banayk kalori dari biasa.

Sekiranya anak kehilangan berat badan dengan mudah, walau tiada perubahan dalam pemakanan, diet atau senaman, segeralah bawak berjumpa dengan doktor.

Kerana, menurut kata pakar perubatan, jika berat badan turun dengan banyak pada satu masa, ia mungkin petanda bagi penyakit tersembunyi, termasuk kanser.

5. Sesak nafas

Sesak nafas boleh menjadi satu tanda bagi leukemia kanak-kanak, yang mana merangkumi hampir daripada 40% dalam semua kanser kanak-kanak di negara republik itu, menurut dari Institut Kanser Universiti Kebangsaan, Singapura.

Bukan itu saja, sesak nafas adalah perkara serius buat kanak-kanak, dan perlu mendapatkan rawatan segera berjumpa doktor atau bilik kecemasan.

6. Benjolan

Petanda lain bagi kanser adalah, kemunculan benjolan pada bahagian abdomen atau kaki dan tangan.

Bengkak di bahagian abdomen mampu menunjukkan tumor Wilm, kanser buah pinggan yang berlaku pada kanak-kanak yang amat muda, menurut Hospital Wanita dan Kanak-Kanak KK.

7. Perubahan tingkah laku

Menurut Institut Perubatan Kanak-kanak di Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan, perubahan tingkah laku ini boleh menjadi petanda kanser, bersama-sama dengan perubahan dalam personaliti dan prestasi di sekolah.

8. Sakit kepala

Pusat Kanser Kebangsaan, Singapura (NCCS) menyatakan, sakit kepala yang berterusan boleh menjadi salah satu tanda kwujudan tumor dalam otak.

Ini kerana disebabkan oleh tekanan yang meningkat dalam tulang, diakibatkan oleh benjolan, lalu tulang dalam struktur tulang badan tidak boleh berkembang.

9. Muntah

Keracunan makanan, batuk yang teruk atau selsema, atau juga selsema perut boleh jadi antara punca kanak-kanak muntah.

Namun, menurut kata NCCS lagi, kanser yang memberi kesan kepada otak juga boleh mengakibatkan gejala muntah.

Dapatkan rawatan dnegan segera kalau anak sering loya dan ada masalah untuk kekalkan pengambilan makanan dan minuman, kerana khuatir ia bukan sekadar sakit perut biasa.

10. Masalah penglihatan

Masalah penglihatan seperti kabur, penglihatan berganda atau kehilangan penglihatan adalah sebuah petanda yang berkemungkinan bagi tumor otak, tambah NCCS lagi.

11. Sawan

Antara tanda wujudnya ada kanser pada kanak-kanak adalah sawan, yang mana tidak ada kaitan atai disebabkan oleh demam panas yang tinggi, menurut Pusat Kanser Parkway. Sawan, juga boleh menjadi tanda bagi tumor otak.

Namun begitu, dapatkan rawatan dengan segera dan terlebih dahulu untuk tentukan punca sebenar, kerana sawan juga boleh diakibatkan oleh demam, kekurangan oksigen, trauma di bahagian kepala atau pelbagai penyakit lain.

12. Sakit tulang

Sakit tulang juga berada dalam senarai tanda-tanda kanser pada kanak-kanak, di mana ia kadangkala boleh mengakibatkan tempang, tambah Institut Kanser Kebangsaan, Singapura.

Dengan lebih khusus lagi, gejala sakit tulang ini juga boleh menunjukkan tanda bagi Neuroblastoma, sebuah tumor kanser yang kebiasaannya berlaku pada kelenjar adrenal.

Ia adalah sebuah tumor pepejal malignan yang mengakibatkan bengkak atau kesakitan, dan gejalanya mungkin berbeza-beza bergantung pada lokasi tumor.

13. Lemah

Keletihan secara beterusan dan lemah adalah gejala biasa bagi penyakit Limfoma, di mana ia adalah sekumpulan kanser dalam seistem limfa, kata Lembaga Promosi Kesihatan Singapura.

Pemeriksaan fizikal, ujian darah, biopsy bagi bengkak, penyedutan tulang sum-sum, X-ray, CT atau imbasan MRI antara ujian yang harus dilakukan untuk diagnosis penyakit ini.

14. Demam

Jika anak anda mengalami demam yang berulang atau demam yang tak dapat dijelaskan, ia mungkin adalah petanda bagi kanser – atau khususnya Leukemia, menurut kata Hospital Wanita dan Kanak-kanak KK (KKH).

Kanser ini terjadi apabila tulang sum-sum menghasilkan sel-sel darah putih yang tidak matang, secara berlebihan. Leukemia adalah sejenis kanser yang paling biasa dapat dilihat pada kanak-kanak.

15. Pendarahan

Menurut KKH, kanser yang terjadi pada bahagian dalam buah pinggang boleh mengakibatkan seorang kanak-kanak menghantar darah ke dalam air kencingnya dikenali sebagai Tumor Wilm.

Kanser jenis ini jarang berlaku, dan memberi kesan terutamanya pada kanak-kanak. Ia kebiasaannya ditemui dalam salah satu buah pinggang sahaja, walaupun kadangkala ia mampu menjejaskan kedua-dua buah pinggang juga.

Sumber: The Asian Parent